Application of SEM-EDS and XRD in metal material detection used in rubber dam clamps

• Author Details:   
• Nikitha Rajeev ^*
• Ravi SV
• Elsy P Simon
• Nevil Mathews
• Khadeeja M

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Aim and objective: Aim is to evaluate the metal material detection of two different rubber dam clamp companies and the Objective is to compare and evaluate the metal material detection of two different rubber dam clamps using Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive Spectrometer and X-ray Diffraction.

Introduction: Rubber dam clamps are indispensable instruments in both endodontic and restorative dental procedures, as they ensure proper isolation of the treatment area and maintain a dry operating field. Despite their frequent use, differences in material composition, manufacturing processes, and quality control can significantly impact their structural integrity, leading to concerns about premature fracture, corrosion, and reduced longevity. Understanding the metallurgical properties of these clamps is therefore critical to improving their clinical performance. This study aims to assess and compare the elemental composition and microstructural characteristics of rubber dam clamps from two different manufacturers using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD).

Material and Methods: Sections of rubber dam clamps measuring 8 mm were prepared for analysis. To obtain a clear surface view, the samples were then etched using a solution composed of 15 ml hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 5 ml nitric acid (HNO3). After polishing, the samples were then immersed in the etching solution for 1 minute. Following etching, the samples were then divided into two groups based on their respective manufacturing companies. Each group were then examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to analyze the surface morphology and composition.

Result: Both rubber dam clamp company groups have similar content except the presence of minute quantity of nickel in group A.

Conclusion: Minute quantity of nickel in group A might be attributed to improve fracture resistance or to the electroplating done to prevent corrosion.

Keywords: Rubber dam clamps, Scanning electron microscope, Energy dispersive spectrometer, X ray diffraction, Metal material detection